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Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder that causes episodes of swelling in various parts of the body. Though there is no known cure, those living with HAE can manage their condition through lifestyle changes such as implementing an individualized diet, as well as creating an active treatment plan.
While managing symptoms through the proper HAE diet may seem daunting, the potential benefits make it worth exploring. They can help reduce or prevent flare-ups while also allowing them to live an active life.
How Diet Can Help with Hereditary Angioedema Symptoms
- Hereditary angioedema symptoms may get worse after eating certain foods, like processed or high-histamine items.
- Staying hydrated is important for managing hereditary angioedema and may reduce the risk of flare-ups.
- Eating a balanced diet with fresh, whole foods can support the immune system in people with hereditary angioedema.
- Some people with hereditary angioedema may benefit from supplements, but it’s best to ask a doctor first.
- Avoiding common triggers like alcohol, stress, and poor sleep can work with diet to help manage hereditary angioedema.
Hereditary Angioedema and Its Impact
HAE severely affects patients’ quality of life due to its nature of recurrent angioedema. Unpredictable bouts result in increased anxiety around the potential for sudden, severe attacks. Angioedema episodes often require hospitalization, thus influencing patients’ socioeconomic status. The impact extends to mental health, with many patients reporting significant psychological distress.
Interestingly, angioedema attacks in patients tend to become less severe with age. Yet, acute episodes in the elderly may increase the risk of fatal outcomes due to associated comorbidities. The unpredictable nature and severe consequences of attacks demand effective preventative measures.
How Diet Can Influence Hereditary Angioedema Symptoms
Certain food choices may worsen the symptoms of Hereditary Angioedema and lead to adverse reactions as well and others can help to live with HAE.
Avoid Foods that Might Trigger HAE Attacks
When it comes to hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks, many people automatically assume that these attacks are triggered by food allergies. However, a 2018 study published in the World Allergy Organization Journal about abdominal angioedema attacks, found something else. This study showed that allergic reactions were not the cause of symptoms resulting from trigger foods for those with HAE.
The research team determined that certain foods may still be more likely than others to spur HAE attacks due to their high levels of histamine. These include fish, shellfish, certain fruits and vegetables, processed meats, pickled foods, and fermented beverages such as wine or beer. Skin prick tests did not confirm allergies for any of these foods so this indicates that the inflammatory processes causing the episodes are not mediated by immunoglobulin E.
Food that can trigger HAE symptoms, according to the study:
- Citrus fruits: kiwi, pineapple, and strawberries
- Dairy products: milk and cheese
- Seafood: fish and shellfish
- Other: chili, onion and garlic
Suspected foods to cause swelling:
- Alcohol: wine or beer
- Fruits: tomato, banana and kiwi
- Tree nuts
- Green salad
- Bread
It should be noted that not all sufferers experienced an attack following any of these foods; however, the ones who did had similar experiences. If someone is prone to HAE episodes then it might be best to avoid consuming common food to reduce chances of triggering an attack. The healthcare provider might also advise them to keep a detailed log of their diet and symptom occurrence to keep track of what causes chronic or acute episodes to make better-informed decisions about dietary modifications.
Take Control of Hereditary Angioedema With a Personalized Diet Plan
Work with our specialists to discover how small changes in your diet can help reduce flare-ups and improve your quality of life.
Consuming a Healthy Diet
Eating a balanced and nutritious diet is one of the most important aspects of living a healthy lifestyle. For patients with HAE, a diet that is high in whole, unprocessed foods is recommended to reduce the risk of a flare-up. This means avoiding processed food products and anything containing flavor enhancers, additives, preservatives, or food coloring.
Medical experts suggest following a heart-healthy diet due to the link between HAE and a higher likelihood of heart disease. The Mediterranean diet is linked with a reduced risk of heart disease. This diet includes:
Nutritionists can help patients with HAE develop an individualized dietary plan that takes into account their personal needs, including any potential food triggers they may have. Professional guidance can also help when following an elimination diet so different foods can be tested and understood before being reintroduced into regular eating habits.
Maintaining Hydrated
Hydration is another focus of these guidelines. Drinking an ample amount of water every day is stressful. Adequate water intake assists in flushing out toxins and reducing the chances of potential attacks. In addition, alcohol should be avoided as could potentially disrupt the balance of C1-INH protein in the body.
Supplements for Treating HAE
There’s no strong evidence that people with hereditary angioedema (HAE) need specific supplements, but in some cases, they may be helpful—especially if your diet is affected during flare-ups.
If your HAE episodes make it hard to eat or absorb enough nutrients, your doctor might recommend a daily multivitamin or mineral supplement. Blood tests can help check if you’re low in any key nutrients like iron, vitamin D, or B12.
Vitamin D has been studied for its role in reducing inflammation. One study found that many people with HAE had low vitamin D levels in the winter and spring, though it didn’t directly link those low levels to more swelling attacks. Still, having enough vitamin D is important for overall health. Most adults need about 600 IU per day, or 800 IU if you’re over 70. If you’re not getting enough from sunlight or food, your doctor might recommend a supplement.
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish like salmon, sardines, and trout, may also help lower inflammation. Some research has explored whether omega-3s might help reduce HAE symptoms, but there isn’t enough data yet to say for sure. Eating more omega-3-rich foods is a safe way to support your health, and supplements could be an option if your doctor recommends them.
Tips to keep in mind:
While supplements aren’t a cure for HAE, they may help support your body when used as part of a complete treatment plan. Always check with your doctor before starting anything new.
Other Lifestyle Measures for Treating HAE
The guidelines released by the Angioedema Association provide necessary medical advice to those grappling with the condition. The association firmly believes that a correct diet alongside a positive lifestyle can help mitigate angioedema symptoms.
Physical activities are encouraged. A routine that compliments one’s health status is often deemed best. An important note is to consult with a physician before beginning any new training program. The guidelines also prioritize mental health. They suggest practicing relaxation exercises such as yoga, and meditation and seeking medical advice from therapists if needed.
Aside from these tips, the association also promotes regular check-ups and adhering strictly to the prescribed treatment by a healthcare professional.
Adopting these guidelines can significantly improve the quality of life for those dealing with angioedema. Monitoring progress, coupled with the apt treatment, can help control and manage this chronic condition, reducing its impact on everyday life.
Consult with a Specialist for Effective HAE Treatments and Nutrition Guidance
For individuals with HAE, it is important to consult with a specialist to develop an individualized treatment plan that works best for them. At Becker ENT and Allergy, our team of experienced healthcare professionals can provide personalized advice and guidance on managing episodes of angioedema, as well as nutrition and lifestyle tips to optimize overall health. We are dedicated to providing superior care and will work together with you to create a tailored approach that fits your needs. Schedule an appointment today to learn more about how we can help manage your symptoms!
